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【PPT】血?dú)夥治龅囊焕±治鯬PT課件 - 醫(yī)學(xué)資源下載
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資源分類：醫(yī)學(xué) - 內(nèi)科學(xué)
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上傳日期：2012-11-17 03:30:21

【ppt】愛愛醫(yī)資源-血?dú)夥治龅囊焕±治鯬PT課件病史：女性，67歲，支氣管炎患者。入院前兩周有咳嗽伴綠色膿性痰。數(shù)周以來(lái)，表現(xiàn)意識(shí)模糊及定向障礙。 體檢：神經(jīng)反射遲鈍，血壓20／10.6kPa，無(wú)血容量減少及水腫，兩肺有廣泛的粗捻發(fā)音。 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查：Cr 64μmol/L(55~100),Urea 2.4mmol/L(2.5~7.0) , Na＋ 122 mmol/L(135~145),K+ 4.0 4mmol/L(3.5~4.8) 如何用這些結(jié)果解釋臨床表現(xiàn)？ 低鈉血癥可能的原因是什么？ 怎樣進(jìn)一步分析該患者的病情？ 本章目的要求 1 掌握反應(yīng)體液及酸堿平衡狀況的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的含義，正常值 2 掌握幾種脫水與鉀鈉紊亂及四種單純型ABD和混合型ABD概念及英文詞匯 3 掌握幾種脫水與鉀鈉紊亂及四種單純型ABD的原因和機(jī)制，機(jī)體的代償調(diào)節(jié)，血?dú)鈾z測(cè)特點(diǎn)，對(duì)機(jī)體的影響 4 掌握ABD類型的判斷方法（一劃五看）與血?dú)夥治龅幕驹? 5 了解四種單純型ABD的防止原則，了解混合型ABD的類型及血?dú)鈾z測(cè)特點(diǎn) Introduction Disturbances in water and electrolyte metabolism are produced by a variety of factors.Some intrinsic and some extrinsic factors affect the intake,output,or distribution of water and electrolyte.They may be the primary cause of illness,but more commonly they occur as secondary events of some other disorders.These disorders are those in which either the normal regulating mechanisms are upset by disease or the fluid and electrolyte losses or excesses are so great that even normal regulating mechanisms cannot correct them. 1、人體體液的組成：The total body water is comprised of several different compartments.Water in the body is divided into two main compartments separated by the cell membrane. --Intracellular fluid(ICF),consisting of all fluid with in the cell membrane of the body,is the largest fluid compartment.It accounts for about 30 to 40 percent of body weight. .--Extracellular fluid(ECF),consisting of the water outside the cells.ECF includes interstitial fluid and plasma. 2、電解質(zhì)： 體液中有無(wú)機(jī)物和有機(jī)物，無(wú)機(jī)物與部分以離子形式存在的有機(jī)物統(tǒng)稱為電解質(zhì)。Na＋是細(xì)胞外主要的陽(yáng)離子，K＋是細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要的陽(yáng)離子；細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要的陰離子是蛋白質(zhì)與磷酸根，而細(xì)胞外則是Cl-與HCO3-.葡萄糖、尿素等不能解離的有機(jī)物稱為非電解質(zhì),尿素與肌酐濃度是衡量腎功能狀態(tài)的指標(biāo)。

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